Le pogrom de Soumgaït est un pogrom cause de la mort de civils arméniens dans la ville de Soumgaït (en azéri Sumqayıt) en République socialiste soviétique d'Azerbaïdjan (en URSS) le 27 février 1988 au tout début de la guerre du Haut-Karabagh. Le nombre officiel de victimes fourni par les autorités s'élève à 30 personnes civiles. Le massacre a été perpétré par les forces armées azerbaïdjanaises.

The pogrom was marked by atrocities and savagery. As Waal describes it, "The roving gangs committed acts of horrific savagery. Several victims were so badly mutilated by axes that their bodies could not be identified."[36] Numerous acts of gang rape and sexual abuse were committed, taking place in both the apartments and publicly on the city streets. An account of one such act that was also corroborated by witnesses described how a crowd stripped naked an Armenian woman and dragged her through the streets.[37] Rumors circulating that Armenian women in hospital maternity wards had their fetuses disemboweled were later said to have been false.[38]
 
In the midst of the attacks, many Armenians sought to defend themselves and improvised by nailing their doors shut and arming themselves with axes, and in some instances a number of intruding rioters were killed.[32] Calls to ambulance services were handled late or in many cases, unheeded completely. There was no intervention on the part of the police to stop the perpetrators.[39][40][41] As mentioned by De Waal, "Another factor, which seems to have been a necessary condition for ethnic violence to begin, came into play: the local police did nothing. It later transpired that the local police force was overwhelmingly composed of Azerbaijanis and had only one professional Armenian officer."[42]

Le pogrom de Bakou est un pogrom anti-arménien dirigé contre les Arméniens de Bakou alors en République socialiste soviétique d'Azerbaïdjan, qui s'est déroulé du 12 au 19 janvier 1990. Des membres de la population civile arménienne furent battus, torturés, tués ou expulsés de la ville. Le bilan final fait état d'au moins 90 morts civils arméniens1 et de 700 blessés2. Ce pogrom est un des actes de violence ethnique relatif à la guerre du Haut-Karabagh.

On February 27, 1988 a massive pogrom was carried out in Sumgait during which the Armenian population of the city was brutally slaughtered and expelled.[10][8][11] The Sumgait pogrom was followed by another pogrom against Armenians in 1988 in Kirovabad (today's Ganja) -the second largest city of Azerbaijan from where all the Armenians were expelled.[12][13][14] In spring and summer 1988 the ethnic tensions were escalating between the Armenians and the Azerbaijanis. After the Sumgait tragedy a massive migration of Armenians from Azerbaijan and Azerbaijanis from Armenia began.[15] By 1989 the Armenians stayed only in those places where they had a well-established community, including in Baku. By the beginning of 1990 there were only about 30–40 thousand Armenians left in Baku,[16] mostly women and pensioners.[10] Similarly, by the end of 1988, dozens of villages in Armenia had become deserted, as most of Armenia's more than 200,000 Azerbaijanis and Muslim Kurds left.[17]